Telemetric transmitter



March 22, 1938- J. c. THoREsEN TELEMETRIC TRANSMITTER Filed July w28, 1953 2 sheets-sheet 1 I N VEN TOR. j'w am ATTORNEY.

March 22, 1938. J. c. THoREsEN 2,111,679

TELEMETRIC TRANSMITTER Filed ,July 28, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 hunted Mufzz, 1938 UNITED STATES TELEMETBIC TBANSDIITTEB John C. Thorcsen, Providence, B.. I., assigner to Builders Iron Foundry, Providence, B. I., 'a corporation of Rhode Island Application July 2B, 1938, Serial No. 682,623

llclaims.

My invention relates to improvements in transmitters particularly adapted for telemetric use, especially in connection with fluid-responsive quantities. Transmitters of this type are s shown in my co-pending application, Ser. No.

621,022, flied'July 6, 1932, of which the present application forms aV continuation in part.

Other previous transmitters are subject to contact deterioration and other difllculties with consequent unreliability of transmission. They further produce interrupted signals having an unsuitable character for use in such telemetric systems as require a continuous signal for proper operation of the receiver.

One object of my invention yis to provide an improved transmitter capable of transmitting repeated substantial signalling currents indefinitely without pitting or other deterioration of the contact points.

Another object of my invention is to provide a transmitter producing positive, non-flickering contacts and hence uninterrupted signalling indications.

Still another object of my invention is to obtain signalling contacts, within a iiuid containing chamber. unaffected by changes in the'character of the fluid therein.

A further object of my invention is to provide a transmitter with a contactor that is free from maintenance in continued service.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide a transmitter, capable of producing signals vof a time duration corresponding with a quantity, with a highly sensitive, responsive, precise and yet reliable contactor that requires minimum effort for its operation.

With these and further objects, which later will be made apparent, I will now describe the preferred embodiment of my invention as illustrated in the drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a iront elevation, principally shown in section, of my complete telemeter. This partially diagrammatic view lshows the transmitter attached by pressure pipes to a conduit containing a differential producer for telemetering the rate of now of uid through the conduit.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the contact controlling means of the transmitter and the driving 5o means therefor. Figs. 1 and 2 are on the same scale to show the relation of these parts to the whole.

Fig. 3 is a front elevation principally in section, showing in detail the transmitters sealed 5s mercury switch and operating means therefor.

(Cl. 'I3-205) Fig. 4 is a side elevation made to the same scale as Fig. 3 and showing the same operating parts.

In the drawings, wherein like characters of reierence indicate like parts throughout, 2 indicates generally an improved telemetric transmitter constructed in accordance with my invention. In the same circuit 30 with the transmitter 2 are a telemetric receiver 3, actuated thereby, and a current supply 5. g

A quantity, such as Athe rate of ow of a fluid through a conduit 4,-is desired to be telemetered. An orice plate G is positioned in conduit 4 between two pressure pipes 8 and III connected to said conduit respectiveiyupand downstream of said orifice. A pressure differential between 8 and III is accompanied by a rate of iiow through said conduit substantially proportional to the square root of -said pressure differential. The combination of conduit 4, orifice Ii and pressure connections 8 and I0 is known in the art as the pressure dierential producer of a rate of flow meter.

The pressure diiferential is conveyed by the pipes il and I Il to the transmitter 2 connected thereto, this transmitter therefore being broadly fluid responsive.

The transmitter consists of a U-tube I2 having two legs I4 and IIi for high and low pressure connected respectively to pipes 8 and III, and containing a manometric liquid I8, mercury as shown, displaceable substantially proportionally to the above pressure differential which in turn is related to said flow rate.

In leg I6 of the U-tube, I provide an adjustable displacer to enable the manometric liquid surface 34 to be set to its proper height at zero pressure differential regardless of minor changes of level, temperature, and other disturbing factors.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the rate of flow of a liquid, e. g., water, in conduit 4 is being telemetered. In this case, water lls the connecting pipes 8 and Ill and at zero pressure differential rises to the same level in the wells 9 and I I respectively surrounding legs I4 and IG of the U-tube I2 and connected to the tops thereof. Over the water is liquid 52 that is lighter than the Water and also than the mercury and' further is neither miscible with the water nor tends to form an emulsion with the mercury.y In other Words, a transformer oil may be used. The water-oil level is originally obtained by simply putting in an excess of oil and then admitting water until it escapes at the plugs shown at the separation surface. No subsequent appreciable 2- s,111,evs

changes can occur except in the accident of a leak. This insulating liquid accurately transfers the pressure diii'erential to the manometric liquid il in the U-tube.

5 In a fluid-containing chamber I! above the liquid- Il in one leg I4 of the U-tube, I provide a ycontact controller Il, including a sealed mercury switch 2P. This is pivotally mounted at 22 and contains contact points 24 adapted to be bridged by a mercury globule 22 to complete a telemetric circuit III in which it forms a switch. 'Ihis telemetrie circuit includes a receiver indi- .cated ticaily at l, and which may be oi' any suitable type.

In this same U-tube leg I4. I provide a float 82 on the surface 24 oi' said manometric liquid i8, said iioat being displaced substantially proportional to a quantity, the pressure differential in this case.V This float is provided with a check gg Il, adapted to seat on the seat and so prevent an excess pressure din'erentiai from forcing the manometric liquid Il from leg I4 ofthe U-tube. thus maintaining a proper seal at all times. Above this iloat I2, I provide a cam 36 attached 2n to a shaft Il, rotated at constant speed by the synchronous motor clock means 40 through the medium o! the spur gearing 42. In my preferred embodiment shown` this cam is a square root cam. v 50 I provide at the outer end of shaft I! an adjustable thrust bearing 44. which construction frees the clock means 4l oi' this force, which is large at the high pressures common in modern indus- Wtries, and the gearing 42 thus transmits only the sa small torque necessary to drive the shaft 2 2 at constant speed.

I provide this shaft I8 with a stufllng box 48 containing a plastic 50, such as grease, so that the uid I2, within said uid containing chamber v 40 n, may not leak therefrom. `'rms nula n 1s prererably an insulating and lubricating liquid as well as being non-emulsiilable with the manometric liquid Il as heretofore described.

A cam roller 46 coacts with said cam lo to actuate the contact former Il, or controller, through a regular cycle between two limits, one of which corresponds substantially with the minimum and the other with the maximum value of the quantity to be transmitted.

50 The square root cam 36 aforesaid is so designed that the displacement of the roller 46 from its zero position varies as the square of the angle, so that the time duration for a given displacement is proportional to the square root of this displacement. wherefore said transmitter may be said to operate in square root cycles. For a minute displacement this cam turns through an appreciable angle, thus giving greater accuracy and reliability at such small displacements than has oo hitherto been accomplished.

I also believe that I am the ilrst to telemetrlcally transmit the square root of any quantity by a sensitive sealed mercury switch, particularly in iluid metering where the pressure differential h 65 is relatively small at low rates; for example at 1/420th of the maximum rate the pressure differential his only 1/400th of that at the maximum rate. The sealed mercury switch, due to its sensitivity and positiveness, is oi decided ad- 70 vantage in enabling wide variations to be covered,

attached thereto. The bracket 2U is attached to a guide rod 2l constrained to move vertically by the guide holes 28 in the stationary body' oi the transmitter. The plane suriace'oi' the movable bracket member 25 is wide and bears 5 loosely against the plane :lace oi cam 2B so that the bracket 251s constrained against twisting, thus maintaining the' proper relation between cam roller 4l and cam 36. 'I'he contact controller Il is provided with stops I4 that limit the tilting 10 or the sealed mercury switch 2D so that sensitivity and certainty or operation are ensured.

A counterweight IB attached to one end of the sealed switch 20 is adapted to tilt this end downward so that the 'mercury globule 2B is impelled 15 by the force ot gravity in that direction which thus frees the contact points 24 or the mercury globule 28, thus opening the switch and changing the condition o! the electric circuit 30 attached thereto. 20

On the'opposite side of the pivot 22, I provide means 58 to tilt the sealed mercury switch 28 to make `the contact for a portion oi the cycle dependent upon said ilow rate. This includes arod member 60 adapted to be alternately posi- 85 tioned at its upper end .82 by the time-responsive .means carried by cam roller 4B, and at its lower end 64- by the quantity responsive means, i. e.,`the oat 32. The weight of this rod 60 is carried by the sealed switch mounting 2| where the rod B0 30 passes through a hole22 therein adapted to guide -said rod without appreciable friction. The upper yat its upper end B2. An air-hole 85 is provided in rod end 64 to eliminate any air trap there so that the iluid containing chamber is completely 40 filled with liquid in service.

When the rod B0 is carried clear oi the float 32, its weight overcomes that of the counterweight 5l and tilts the sealed mercury switch 2li to abut one oi its stops 54. 'I'he mercury globule 28 rolls 45 to the end carrying the rod Bil and the top-heavy switch mounting 2| shifts its center of gravity across the pivot, both of which tend to maintain the switch in its then position regardless of minor variations of the quantity. 'I'he mercuryglobule 50 28 rolls into impacting contact with its contact 'points 24 so as to break through the film maintained by surface tension and thus to make positive, low-resistance contact between said points and the body of the'mercury. The contact sim- 55 ilarly breaks positively immediately after rod Bil rests on oat 32. Obviously the switch 2li will maintain its position and contact condition as long as rod 80 continues to rest on oat 32, which it does, due to the motion of the cam 3B and cam roller 46 regardless of minor changes of the oat position, until the cam 36 again raises cam roller 46 and the contact controller I9 generally, including the rod Bllso that rod 60 again clears the oat 32. In other words, when, during a cycle 65 of rotation of the cam 36, the switch 20 is tilted by its counterweight 56 into circuit breaking position, in response to the engagement of rod 6D with the iloat, immediately subsequent minor variations of the float position will not aect the position oi' said switch; but instead the latter will be held in circuit breaking position by its top-heavy construction and by the mercury globule (which has rolled to the opposite side of pivot 22) until, at a subsequent point in the cycle, the 75 anima rod Bl is raised from engagement with said float and tilts the switch into circuit .closing position. Immediately subsequent minor variations in the float' position cannot disturb the setting of the switch in said circuit closing position and the latter will be held therein by its top-heavy construction and the displacement of the mercury globule until, in the continued rotation of the com, said rod is again engaged with said float.

Rapid changing or "flickering of the contact and telemetric signals is thus avoided during any portion of the cycle. Utmost accuracy and precision of telemetering are thereby obtained, while retaining the advantage of a. sensitive sealed con-y ducting liquid switch in the transmitter.

It is apparent that this provides uninterrupted signalling indications for a portion of the cycle dependent upon the quantity. Since the cyclically moving means is operated by the constant speed clock means 4B it follows that the time durations of these signalling indications are also dependent upon the position of a quantity responsive member (float 32) and hence upon/the quantity. l

The opera-tion of' my improved invention is obvious from the above description. It is t be ssen that I have provided a telemetric transmitter for the first time with a simple mechanicaland-electrical construction, ixzluding a Sealed mercury switch, that creates extremely accurate and yet powerful and reliable signalling indications dependent upon the quantity to be transmitted and requiring a minimum of effort to positively position said switch. It is also obvious to one skilled in the art that the abovementioned unitary means coact to provide a new result-an uninterrupted signalling impulse of a time-duration accurately dependent upon a quantity in spite of minor instantaneous changes thereof. In the past, this result has only been partially achieved, at best, by the complication of separate relays having various electrical and/or mechanical holding, locking, detent and release additional means.

By providing displacers I1 of different diameters for use interchangeably in the leg I6, it will be seen that the relation between the effective areas of the U-tube legs il and IB may be varied as desired, and the maximum difference in level between the manometric liquid surfaces in said legs thereby varied over wide ranges. A number of predetermined relations between pressure differential and meter response may thus be obtained. For example, one displacer may be of such diameter as ,to result in a. differential pressure of forty inches of water-under-air for a. maximum signal duration, another of such diameter as to produce a sixty inch differential for said maximum, and still another a one hundred and twenty inch differential.

'I'his displacer may also be used instead of a test manometer for setting the instrument for accurate operation at low rates as follows: The pressure differential is first brought to zero. 'I'his can be done in practice, where a rate of flow meter is used, by stopping the flow. The displacer handle I5 Vis then turned to screw the displacer I1 up until a signal of six (6) seconds, say, is produced due to the resulting change in the height of manometric liquid surface Il and fioat 32. This corresponds to one-tenth the maximum rate of flow where a one minute (60 seconds) cycle of operation is'used. 'I'his six second signal indicates that the displacer is now raised exactly four tunis, say, above its proper position. Consequently, by turning the' displacer down this pre-determined known amount (fourA turns) the instrument is properly adjusted at zero. It is obvious, especially with a square root cam, that the lsignalling indications near `the zero point are so sensitively responsive to the minutest departure therefrom and/or to vibration or other incidental causes, that it is not advisable to attempt to set the meter at this point whene no signalling indication is produced.

'Ihe subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein, is claimed in applicants earlier filed application Serial No. 621,022, filed July 6, 1932.

It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specific embodiment shown and that various deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of' the appended claims. For example while I have shown fluid rate of flow, requiring a square-root cam, as the variable to be telemetered it is obvious that the pressure differential itself, or any other quantity, may be similarly telemetered.

What I claim is:

1. In a telemetric transmitter, means displace- I able an extent proportional to a quantity, driving means operable at constant speed, means cyclically movable thereby and adapted to coact with said displaceable means for a portion of each cycle corresponding with the displacement of' said displaceable means, and a sealed switch having a portion movable therein in response to the coaction of said displaceableand cyclically movable means to a position for changing the electrical condition of a circuit for a time duration. corresponding to either an increased or a. decreased value of said quantity, said cyclically movable means and said displaceable means cooperating to cause the maintaining of said movable switch portion continuously in said position throughout said time duration uninfiuencedby minor instantaneous variations in said quantity at either end of said time duration.

2. A device responsive to a iluid-transmitte quantity, said device comprising a chamber containing said fluid, a switch in said chamber and submerged in said uid, means responsive to said fluid to correspond with said fluid-transmitted quantity and means cooperating with said fluid-responsive means and operatively connected to said switch to control the contact of said switch for a time duration uninfluenced by minor instantaneous variations insaid quantity at either end of said time duration.

3. In a telemetric transmitter for transmitting the square root of a quantity, a float on a liquid surface positionable substantially proportionately to said quantity, a member movable in square root cycles, a counterweighted sealed conducting liquid switch pivotally mounted on said member and having contact points connect- ,ed to an electric circuit and adapted when tilted Aber having a stem depending therefrom adapted to contact said float to lift said weighted member free of said switch during a portion of said square root cycle.

4. In a transmitter for telemetering a quantity, means positioned responsive to a quantity, time its then condition regardless of small instantaneous variations of said quantity.

5.In a contact controller -sensitively respon sive to a quantity. means positioned responsive to said lquantity,"time responsive means coacting therewith,l sealed switch means gravitationally controlling a contact upon being tilted by said quantity and time responsive means upon their coaction, a portion of said switch means being so related to another that they tend to remain in their then tilted position despite minor instantaneous displacements of said quantity responsive means during coaction with said time vresponsive means.

6. In a contact controller sensitively responsive to a quantity, means responsive to said quantity, time responsive means adapted to coact with said quantity-responsive means, a switch having means movable therein to control a contact for sending a signal of a time duration corresponding with said quantity upon displacement of said movable means by said other means, said movable means being adapted to remain in its then condition despite minor instantaneous displacements of said quantity responsive means at either end of said signal. l

'1. In a telemetric transmitter, means displaceable an extent proportional to a quantity, driving means operable at constant speed, means cyclically movable thereby and adapted to coact with said displaceable means for a portion of said cycle corresponding with the displacement of said displaceable means, a switch having a portion movable therein, and means controlled by said coaction of said displaceable and cyclically movable means for causing' said movable switch portion to assume in each cycle a position for changing the electrical condition of a. circuit and for causing said movable switch portion to Abe maintained in said position for a time duration corresponding with said quantity and unini'luenced by minor instantaneous variations in said quantity at either end of said time duration.

8. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity, said apparatus comprising means positionable in accordance with said quantity, a sealed switch having a movable portion controlling a telemetering circuit, cyclically operable means, means controlled jointly by said cyclically operable means and said positionable means for shifting said patent No. 2,111, 679. l

movable switch portion to a position ,for changing the condition o! said circuit in each of a series of cycles i'or a time duration. to said quantityf said switch-portion shiftingmeans beingsoconstructed and'arrangedastobe unlniluenced by minor instantaneous changes in the position of said positionable means following shiftingr of said switch portion by said shifting means under the Joint control of said positionable means and said cyciically movable means.

9. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity. said apparatus comprising means positionable in accordance with said quantity, aswlt'ch having a movable portion controlling a telemetering circuit, cyclically operable means, means controlled jointly by said cycllcally operable means and said position'able means for shifting said movable switch portion to a position for changing the condition of said circuit in each of a series oi cycles for a time duration corresponding to said quantity, said positionable means being adapted to move with respect to said switch-portion shifting-means in portions of said cycles without moving said shifting means.

10. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity, said apparatus comprising a sealed switch having a movable portion controlling a telemetric circuit, an element positionable in accordance with said quantity, and cyclically operable means cooperating with said element for causing said movable portion of said sealed switch to move to a position i'or changing the condition of said circuit to produce a. signal in each of a series of cycles for a time duration corresponding to said quantity, said positionable element being adapted to move with respect to said cycllcally operable means in portions of said cycles at either end of said signals without ail'ectlng the time duration oi' the signals produced by said movable portion of said switch.

11. In a telemetrlc transmitter, means positionable substantially proportionally to values oi a quantity, cyclically operable means, and means cooperating with said positionable means and said cyclically operable means for causing the production of a'signal in each of a series of lcycles of a time duration corresponding to a value ofsaid quantity, the second .mentioned means comprisingna cam and the-third mentioned means comprising a sealed conducting liquid switch operated by said cam and maintained in operated position for a. period in each cycle uninuenced by minor instantaneous variations in said quantity at either end of said time duration.

JOHN C. THORESEN.

caiu'irrcAtiE`I or CORRECTION.

Haren 22, 135B JOHN C. THORESEN. I

Itis hereby certified lthat error appears in the printed specification of above nunbered patent requiring correction as follows:

column, line 37, claim 7, for "said" Page il.,l .first second occur-rence', read each that the said Letters Patent shouldbe readwith this correction therein Athai:

the same may conform to the recordof the case in the Patent Office. signed and sealed this 51st day or may, A. n. 1958.

(Seal) Henry Van Arsdale, Acting 'Conissioner of Patents.-

its then condition regardless of small instantaneous variations of said quantity.

5.In a contact controller -sensitively respon sive to a quantity. means positioned responsive to said lquantity,"time responsive means coacting therewith,l sealed switch means gravitationally controlling a contact upon being tilted by said quantity and time responsive means upon their coaction, a portion of said switch means being so related to another that they tend to remain in their then tilted position despite minor instantaneous displacements of said quantity responsive means during coaction with said time vresponsive means.

6. In a contact controller sensitively responsive to a quantity, means responsive to said quantity, time responsive means adapted to coact with said quantity-responsive means, a switch having means movable therein to control a contact for sending a signal of a time duration corresponding with said quantity upon displacement of said movable means by said other means, said movable means being adapted to remain in its then condition despite minor instantaneous displacements of said quantity responsive means at either end of said signal. l

'1. In a telemetric transmitter, means displaceable an extent proportional to a quantity, driving means operable at constant speed, means cyclically movable thereby and adapted to coact with said displaceable means for a portion of said cycle corresponding with the displacement of said displaceable means, a switch having a portion movable therein, and means controlled by said coaction of said displaceable and cyclically movable means for causing' said movable switch portion to assume in each cycle a position for changing the electrical condition of a. circuit and for causing said movable switch portion to Abe maintained in said position for a time duration corresponding with said quantity and unini'luenced by minor instantaneous variations in said quantity at either end of said time duration.

8. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity, said apparatus comprising means positionable in accordance with said quantity, a sealed switch having a movable portion controlling a telemetering circuit, cyclically operable means, means controlled jointly by said cyclically operable means and said positionable means for shifting said patent No. 2,111, 679. l

movable switch portion to a position ,for changing the condition o! said circuit in each of a series of cycles i'or a time duration. to said quantityf said switch-portion shiftingmeans beingsoconstructed and'arrangedastobe unlniluenced by minor instantaneous changes in the position of said positionable means following shiftingr of said switch portion by said shifting means under the Joint control of said positionable means and said cyciically movable means.

9. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity. said apparatus comprising means positionable in accordance with said quantity, aswlt'ch having a movable portion controlling a telemetering circuit, cyclically operable means, means controlled jointly by said cycllcally operable means and said position'able means for shifting said movable switch portion to a position for changing the condition of said circuit in each of a series oi cycles for a time duration corresponding to said quantity, said positionable means being adapted to move with respect to said switch-portion shifting-means in portions of said cycles without moving said shifting means.

10. Apparatus for telemetering a quantity, said apparatus comprising a sealed switch having a movable portion controlling a telemetric circuit, an element positionable in accordance with said quantity, and cyclically operable means cooperating with said element for causing said movable portion of said sealed switch to move to a position i'or changing the condition of said circuit to produce a. signal in each of a series of cycles for a time duration corresponding to said quantity, said positionable element being adapted to move with respect to said cycllcally operable means in portions of said cycles at either end of said signals without ail'ectlng the time duration oi' the signals produced by said movable portion of said switch.

11. In a telemetrlc transmitter, means positionable substantially proportionally to values oi a quantity, cyclically operable means, and means cooperating with said positionable means and said cyclically operable means for causing the production of a'signal in each of a series of lcycles of a time duration corresponding to a value ofsaid quantity, the second .mentioned means comprisingna cam and the-third mentioned means comprising a sealed conducting liquid switch operated by said cam and maintained in operated position for a. period in each cycle uninuenced by minor instantaneous variations in said quantity at either end of said time duration.

JOHN C. THORESEN.

caiu'irrcAtiE`I or CORRECTION.

Haren 22, 135B JOHN C. THORESEN. I

Itis hereby certified lthat error appears in the printed specification of above nunbered patent requiring correction as follows:

column, line 37, claim 7, for "said" Page il.,l .first second occur-rence', read each that the said Letters Patent shouldbe readwith this correction therein Athai:

the same may conform to the recordof the case in the Patent Office. signed and sealed this 51st day or may, A. n. 1958.

(Seal) Henry Van Arsdale, Acting 'Conissioner of Patents.- 

